Frederick weaver oliver



No. 607,453. Patented July I9, 1898.

F. W. OLIVER.

COATED SPINDLYE on ROLLER.

(Application filed Dec. 28, 1897.)

(N0 Mndei.)

WITNESSES:

[NV TOR: ggjg/ wmwmfizw 49.

FREDERICK WVEAVER OLIVER, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE AMERICAN PEGAMOID COMPANY,

OF NEIV YORK, N. Y.

COATED SPINDLE OR ROLLER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 607,453, dated July 19, 1898.

Application filed December 28, 1897. Serial No. 664,092. (No model.) Patented in England February 27, 1896, No. 4,411; in

Germany April 28, 1896,1To. 93,010; in France September 17, 1896, No. 259,796; in Belgium September 18, 1896, No. 123,575,- in Hungary September 21, 1896, No. 7,511 in Switzerland October 2,1896,No. 13,146 in Austria November 24, 1896, No. Iii/4,725; in Victoria January 8, 1897,1Io. 13,845,- in New South Wales January 11,1897,No. 7,190; in Spain January 22,1897,N0. 20,049 in Cape Colony February 12, 1897, No.1,294, in Finland February 18, 1897 in South African Republic March 6, 1897, No. 1,841, and in Canada May 22, 1897, No. 56,015.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FREDERICK WEAVER OLIVER, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at No. 40 King street, Cheapside, London, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Coated Spindles or Rollers, (for which I have obtained Letters Patent in Great Britain, No.

4,411, dated February 27, 1896; in Germany, No. 93,010, dated April 28, 1896; in Austria, No. 46/4,725, dated November 24, 1896; in Hungary, No. 7,511, dated September 21, 1896; in Belgium, No. 123,575, dated September-18, 1896; in Switzerland, No. 13,146, dated October2, 1896; in France, No. 259,796, dated September 17, 1896; in Canada, No. 56,015, dated May 22, 1897; in Spain, No. 20,049, dated January 22, 1897; inVictoria, No. 13,845, dated January 8, 1897 in New South Wales, No. 7,190, dated January 11, 1897; in the Transvaal, No. 1,341, dated March 6, 1897; in the Cape of Good Hope, N 0. 1,294, dated February 12, 1897, and in Finland, dated February 18, 1897,) of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to provide spindles, rollers, 0r cylinders, and particularly spindles for spinning machinery, with a smooth horny surface-capable of resisting wear to a high degree, which is waterproof and unaffected by changes of temperature or by oil, ordinary acids, the. Desirable sur faces for such spindles are formed by celluloid, and I am aware that heretofore it has been proposed to produce them by placing fabric around a core, roller, or spindle and coating it with parkesine, xylonite, or celluloid in the form of a paste. This mode of making such spindles or rollers has, however, the objection that thepasty compound forms but a relatively unstable or insecure union with the fabric and is liable in use to become disengaged therefrom and then to crack and peel off, because the bond between the paste and the fabric is merely superficial, and the strength of the bond is measured, not by the adhesion of the paste, but almost wholly by the cohesion of the more surface fibers of the fabric to the fabricjibers immediately be neath them. This results in a spindle or roller having a surface made up of patches of celluloid alternating with patches of fabric, thus giving a'rough surface of unequal density, and the useful life of the roller or spindle is at an end. As this disintegration occurs while the roller is in use, a stoppage of the machinery, the replacement of the old by a new roller, injury to the article in process of manufacture, and other inconveniences resultinconveniences so serious and constant as to render such a roller or spindle of little practical use in the arts. I am also aware that it has been proposed to make rollers for spinning machinery by placing a fabric around a core and then applying to ita mixture of lin-- seed-oil and a pigment in the form of a paste. The same objection is incident to rollers or spindles so surfaced or coated, and, moreover, a working surface of paint has neither the elasticity, density, durability, nor resistance to oils, acids, &c., of a celluloid surface.

My improved rollers or spindles are characteristically different from those heretofore proposed, and I produce them as follows: Around the core is disposed a layer of fabric or fibrous material of suitable thickness,

which is impregnated or saturated with liquid celluloid of such a degree of fluidity as to permeate the surface of the fabric, surround the fibers thereof, and form an intimate weld or union with the substance or body of the fabric, and such impregnation, preferably, is carried to a considerable depth beneath the surface, if not to the extent of complete saturation. Upon the fabric so impregnated or saturated I apply additional coats of liquid celluloid, therebybuilding up a superficial surface of celluloid which is intimately blended with or welded to that part of the compound with which the fabric or fibrous material is impregnated or saturated. Thus upon applying the first coating after impregnation the liquid celluloid follows the impregnating compound more or less into the mesh or grain of the fibrous material, welding to the impregnating compound and be coming integral with it. After impregnation the fabric should be dried, as it also should be after each coat is applied. The first coating acts as a solvent upon the impregnating compound and each succeeding coat acts as a solvent upon the preceding one and unites integrally therewith. I may burnish or smooth down each dried coating or I may postpone this burnishing or smoothing operation until the last coating has been applied and dried. In the spindle or roller so made the superficial coating per .96 may be relatively thin and need only be of such thickness as to afford a smooth hard surface. It is obvious that with spindles or rollers so made play or movement of the fabric due to the stress or strain to which the spindle is subjected is not effective to in any way impair the union between the compound and the fabric. It is also true that the impregnation or saturation of the fabric gives to it an elastic character different from that of the unimpregnated or unsaturated fabric heretofore suggested. It is also true that the fabric, the impregnating compound, and the superficialcoatin g becomein practical effect one integral body.

My improved spindles or rollers may be constructed in the following manner: A core or roller of suitable material, such as iron or wood, is enveloped by fabric or fibrous material-for instance,feltof the proper length and width which has been previously impregnated or saturated with liquid celluloid and allowed to dry or which may be impregnated or saturated during or after its application to the core. If the fibrous material is in the, flat, I prefer to use a strip of such length that when placed around the core it will tightly embrace it, with the edges closely abutting each against the other, and if there is to be more than one layer of fabric I prefer to apply them in this way, one over the other an d cemented together and to the core by the compound, or the fabric may be in run nular form to fit the core or previous layers, if any.

After impregnation the fabric should be dried, and the drying operation may be hastened by artificial heat. A coating of liquid celluloid is then applied and dried, and this operation is continued until a sufficient surface or coating has been built up. The first coating acts as a solvent upon the impregnating compound, and each succeeding coating acts as a solvent upon the preceding one, so that the entire compound is integrally united or welded together. The butt-joint of the fabric, if from the flat, is in this way completely filled by the celluloid and is entirely covered and sealed, and the coating presents a smooth continuous horn-like surface,waterproof and not affected by oils, acids, dad, and capable of resisting a great amount of use or wear. Of course if fibrous materials other than felt or textile fabrics be used (and I may use paper, paperpulp, wood-pulp, asbestos, or similar fibrous materials) the clasticity of the surface of the spindle or roller may be less and will depend primarily upon the character of the fibrous material and its hardness or the degree to which it has been compressed, and also in some cases to the degree or extent to which it has been impregnated or saturated; but in any event the peculiar characteristics hereinbefore described will be present and will be evidenced by the long life and behavior in use of the spindles.

I have found by experience in the application of myinvention to practical use that my improved rollers or spindles possess the characteristics hereinbefore mentioned and behave as described.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a view in side elevation of a roller or spindle constructed in accordance with my invention and Fig. 2 a longitudinal section thereof.

A is the core; B, the fibrous material; C, the superficial layer of celluloid, and the stippling cindicates the impregnating part of the celluloid, extending from the coating into the fabric.

Where very hard surfaces are not desired, a relatively tough and somewhat yielding coating may be obtained by adding to the solntion castor-oil or its equivalent. Thus to obtain a tough and slightly-yielding coating or surface I have used with good results from two to three gills of caster-oil per pound of dry nitrocellulose,and where coatings having these qualities in a more marked degree'have been required I have used from five to six gills of caster-oil per pound of dry nitrocellulose.

The solution should, as I have stated, be sufficiently fluid to impregnate the fibrous material, and in practice I have employed solutions of about the fluidity of olive-oil at ordinary temperatures or even less, and in some cases for the coatings applied after impregnation I have used heavier solutions than that for impregnation.

The impregnating compound may be applied to the fibrous material in a variety of ways-as, for instance, by immersion, by brushing, or by revolving the roller in contact with a bath of solution--and in any case I may work it into the material as with a scraper or wiper. The following coats may be applied by a brush or the roller maybe revolved in a bath. Other ways of applying the liquid compound may of course be adopted, the object being to first impregnate well and then to build up upon that impregnation a surface so welded thereto as to be practically integral therewith.

I have used the term celluloid herein to indicate that compound of nitrocellulose IIO variously termed celluloid, xylonite, ivorite, and parkesine and which has Well-known practical qualities that specially adapt it to the purpose herein described. Celluloid, properly so called, is obtained by dissolving nitrocellulose with camphor in alcohol; but it is obvious that a solution of any other cellulose derivative which has the same practical qualities as celluloid properly so called, will lend itself equally well to my invention even though of different chemical constitution or method of production; and by the term celluloid I wish to be understood as including such bodies.

I claim as my invention 1. As a new article of manufacture, a roller or spindle consisting of acore andasurrounding layer of fibrous material impregnated with celluloid and having a continuous unbroken superficial face of celluloid welded to the impregnating celluloid, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. As a new article of manufacture, a roller or spindle consisting of a core and a surrounding layer of fibrous material, having a surrounding integral coating of celluloid, containing oil, forming a smooth continuous sur face coating and impregnating or extending down into the body of the fibrous material and intimately united thereto.

3. As a new article of manufacture, a roller or spindle consisting of a core, enveloped by a strip of fibrous material whose ends are brought together to form a butt-joint, the fibrous material being impregnated by celluloid and having a continuous, unbroken superficial layer of celluloid Welded to the impregnating celluloid, the compound filling, covering or concealing the butt-joint of the fabric, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

FREDERICK WEAVER OLIVER.

lVitnesses:

W. W. I'IAWES, P. G. HARDING. 

